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style='background:#DAEEF3;mso-background-themecolor:accent5; mso-background-themetint:51;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <h1 align=center style='text-align:center'><a name=top></a><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>ADAPA.<o:p></o:p></span></h1> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'><img width=700 height=15 id="_x0000_i1027" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Adapa_fichiers/line.png"></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td valign=top style='background:#DAEEF3;mso-background-themecolor:accent5; mso-background-themetint:51;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Adapa, homme sage de la mythologie babylonienne, fut créé par le grand dieu <a href="http://mythologica.fr/mesopotamie/ea.htm"><span style='color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Ea</span></a> pour être son prêtre dans la ville sainte d'Eridou et pour régner sur le peuple. Ea dota Adapa de nombreuses qualités, notamment la prudence et la sagesse, mais ne lui conféra pas l'immortalité. On attribue à Adapa l'invention de la parole et d'avoir jeté les fondations d'un mode de vie civilisée. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom: 0cm;margin-left:28.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule: exactly;tab-stops:132.0pt'><a name=debut></a><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight: normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>LEGENDE <span style='mso-tab-count:1'>       </span><o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>En tant que prêtre d'Ea, chaque jour, Adapa accomplissait les rites sacrés: il faisait cuire le pain, dressait les tables d'offrandes, puis il partait pêcher dans sa barque. <br> Un jour, Shutu, le vent du sud, souffla si fort qu'il fit chavirer son bateau et l'envoya au fond de l'eau. Furieux, Adapa maudit le vent et ce dernier cessa brusquement de souffler pendant de 7 longues années (ou 7 jours). <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Quand le messager d'Anu, <span class=green>Ilabrat</span>, en demanda la raison, Adapa expliqua calmement que c'était lui qui avait brisé l'aile du vent du sud par la simple force de sa pensée. Lorsque Ilabrat relata cette histoire au dieu suprême <a href="http://mythologica.fr/mesopotamie/anou.htm"><span style='color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>Anu</span></a>, ce dernier s'inquiéta d'apprendre qu'un simple mortel pouvait avoir une telle puissance. Il fit venir Adapa à sa cour avec le dessein funeste de l'envoyer dans le monde des morts en lui faisant manger la nourriture des morts et boire l'eau des morts.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Mais Ea eut vent du complot d'Anu et prévint Adapa de n'accepter ni nourriture ni boisson de la part du dieu suprême. Ea expliqua en outre à Adapa comment apaiser Anu et les divinités qui vivaient avec lui. Il devait se vêtir de vêtements de deuil et honorer en particulier les deux divinités <span class=green>Dumuzi</span> et <span class=green>Ningishzida</span> (ou <span class=green>Tammuz</span> et <span class=green>Gizzida</span>) qui gardaient la porte d'entrée des cieux. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt;line-height:19.0pt;mso-line-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Les deux gardiens s'étonnèrent des vêtements de deuil que portait Adapa et ils lui demandèrent la raison.<br> Il répondit que c'est par tristesse suite à l'absence de deux dieux dans son pays; les deux dieux, lui demandèrent de citer les noms de ces dieux absents, Adapa, répond, qu'il s'agissait de Dumuzi et Ningishzida. Cette réponse fit grand plaisir aux deux divinités qui parlèrent à Anu en faveur d'Adapa. <br> Puis Anu le fit venir devant lui où, Adapa s'expliqua:<br> &quot; <em>Seigneur, je pêchais du poisson au milieu de la mer pour mon Seigneur. Mais le Vent du Sud souffla et me fit couler! Je fus forcé de demeurer chez les poissons, et dans ma fureur, je menaçais de briser l'aile du Vent du Sud et je le maudis.</em>&quot;<o:p></o:p></span></p> <div> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='margin-top:0cm;margin-right:20.8pt; margin-bottom:0cm;margin-left:28.95pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof:yes'><img border=0 width=500 height=248 id="_x0000_i1026" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Adapa_fichiers/adapa2.jpg" alt=Adapa></span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> </span><span style='font-size:13.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-themecolor:text1'>Adapa reçu chez Anu<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:20.8pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Charmé par ce récit et apaisé par les paroles des deux gardiens, Anu ordonna d'apporter une collation; mais avec du pain et de l'eau de vie éternelle au lieu de la nourriture des morts qu'il avait tout d'abord prévue.<br> Adapa suivit strictement les conseils d'Ea et refusa prudemment d'absorber quoi que ce fût, perdant ainsi l'occasion d'accéder à l'immortalité. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-left:56.05pt'><span style='color:#C00000'>Choisissez-lui de la « Nourriture de Vie » : <br> Qu il en mange ! <br> Choisissez-lui de la « Boisson de Vie » : <br> Qu il en boive ! <br> On lui choisit donc de la « Nourriture de Vie ! » <br> Mais il refusa d en manger ! <br> On lui choisit de la « Boisson de Vie ! » : <br> Mais il refusa d en boire ! <br> Anu éclata de rire devant ce refus et renvoya Adapa sur Terre en lui expliquant toutefois qu'il avait perdu la possibilité de devenir immortel. <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-right:27.85pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt; margin-left:28.95pt'><span style='font-size:13.0pt;color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Ce mythe illustre la thèse mésopotamienne selon laquelle la vie éternelle est uniquement résevée aux dieux. Adapa se voit offrir l'immortalité mais il est incapable de saisir sa chance ou bien Ea qui sait tout ne tient pas à ce qu'il devienne immortel.</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td valign=top style='background:#DAEEF3;mso-background-themecolor:accent5; mso-background-themetint:51;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt'> <div> <p class=MsoNormal><a name=gene></a><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='font-size:14.0pt;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-themecolor:text1'>FILIATION <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p> <div align=center> <table class=MsoNormalTable border=1 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 width=250 style='width:187.5pt;mso-cellspacing:0cm;mso-yfti-tbllook:1184;mso-padding-alt: 0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes'> <td width="50%" style='width:50.0%;background:#FEEBEB;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>?<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="50%" style='width:50.0%;background:#BBEEFF;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>EA<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:1'> <td colspan=2 style='background:#BBEEFF;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>ADAPA<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:2'> <td width="50%" style='width:50.0%;background:#FFFFCC;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Epouse<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> <td width="50%" style='width:50.0%;background:#FFFFCC;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'> <p class=MsoNormal align=center style='text-align:center'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Enfants<o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes'> <td style='background:#FEEBEB;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'></td> <td style='background:#BBEEFF;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm'></td> </tr> </table> </div> <div> <p class=MsoNormal><a name=sou></a><b style='mso-bidi-font-weight:normal'><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>SOURCES <o:p></o:p></span></b></p> </div> <p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><br> </span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-no-proof: yes'><img border=0 width=30 height=9 id="_x0000_i1025" src="/assets/images/CD-Bible/Gilgamesh/Mythologie%20mesopotamie%20%20Adapa_fichiers/fleche30.gif"></span><em><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'>Le grand homme qui ne voulait pas mourir.</span></em><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-themecolor: text1'> par Jean Bottéro, Gallimard, NRF, Paris, 1994. </span><span style='mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"'><o:p></o:p></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style='mso-yfti-irow:3;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:30.0pt'> <td style='background:#DAEEF3;mso-background-themecolor:accent5;mso-background-themetint: 51;padding:6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt 6.0pt;height:30.0pt'><!-- bas de page--></td> </tr> </table> </div> <p class=no><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p> </div> </body> </html>